Writing to learn makes it possible to show learning in writing. Much of the writing you will do in college and at work will ask you to demonstrate what you have learned. The success of that demonstration will depend on, among other things, revising your writing to show your knowledge to best advantage. When you have begun to see what you want to say(frequently this becomes clear at the very end of a first draft), it is time to start thinking about how to present your ideas to others. It is time to start thinking about revising.
Revising can be described as the most important(and frequently most neglected) part of writing. Novelists Doris Lessing has said that many novels miss greatness because authors are unwilling or unable to revise them. James Michener explains the importance of revision this way: "I have never thought of myself as a good writer. Anyone who wants reassurance of that should read one of my first drafts. But I' m one of the world' s great revisers."
Revising takes many forms. It means thinking about the audience for your writing. Who will read your work and why？ It also means developing an overall plan for the writing that will make your ideas clear. Often the organization of a first draft will reflect your process of discovery, but that may not be the best way to present your ideas to someone else. Revising also gives attention to the style. of language, to the structure of a paragraph, and to the shape of sentences and other forms that show learning to its best advantage.
Writing to learn and writing to show learning are never, of course, entirely separate processes. Writers frequently consider issues of demonstrating learning while writing to learn, and writing to show learning often leads to new under- standings. In drafting, for example, you may start thinking about what an audience will need to know in order to under- stand your point and change a word or a phrase to make your meaning clearer. But understanding the differences between writing to learn and writing to show learning is central to seeing writing as a process.
What Doris Lessing said helps to support the idea that______.
A．he is one of the world' s great revisers
B．he is not a good writer
C．revising is very important
D．many writers are unwilling to revise their works
听力原文：A: About big international issues: what do you see as the most important environmental issues of the moment？
B: It’s quite difficult to make a kind of hierarchy of worry here, because so many issues are there, and so … and they’re all very very important. But I think it has to be said that as far as we we’re concerned, as a campaigning organization, it really is the rain forest that we are concentrating on most. If we don’t take action on that issue within the next five years, then environmental pressure groups won’t have anything to do in ten years’ time, because there won’t be any rain forests, really, for them to campaign about. So this is a critical period for the rain forests, the next five years, and there is enough flexibility in the system to allow us to hope that we’re going to be able to make some changes during that time. So that’s why we’ve made it our priority.
A: What’s so important about the rain forests, then？ Er, what’s, what’s the difference between having them or not having them？ Isn’t it just, you know, basically either there’re a lot of trees there or there aren’t a lot of trees there？
B: Uhh…well that’s what some people would like to think. Um, there, it’s important in many different ways, important firstly for the countries themselves, in terms of the fact that millions of people depend on the rain forests for their livelihood, and for their … the quality of their environment, through the protection of watersheds, and so on. Secondly, they’re important because of the biological richness of the rain forests. Um, a genetic chest … treasure chest is how they’ve been described. Um, more than 60% of the world’s species is to be found in the rain forests. Write that off, and you write off that genetic storehouse. Lastly, they’re important at international level because of the impact on climate patterns that one would find if the rain forests were destroyed. So, whether you’re looking closely at the tribal people who depend on them, the countries which depend on them, the international community which depends on them, indeed the, the, you know, the creatures themselves, um, it’s actually the most critical issue that we face. And our prime job is of course to try and get people to understand how it is, even in countries where there are no rain forests, that they still have a connection with that rain forest.
You will hear a recording about environmental issues.
Mark one letter(A, B or C)for the correct answer.
After you have listened once, replay the recording.
According to the speaker, ______ is the most important environmental issues of the moment.
A．air pollution
B．water pollution
C．rain forests
