How do children inAmericacelebrate Valentine's Day?

A . These stories are interestin9． B . They can learn how to write such stories． C . These stories are written by a famous doctor． D . The stories are on their reading list．

A . Unhealthy B . inhealthy C . inhealth D . unhealth

A . Fine, thank you. B . How do you do? C . Not too bad. D . Very well.

In the ancient world, as today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with some other. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all part of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan, and even among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles. (4) A．Because boys and girls are being prepared for different social roles. B．Because boys are more courageous. C．Because toy makers want to diversify their products. D．Because parents have different expectations for boys and girls.

If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but...", what follows that "but" can render the apology ineffective: "I had a bad day" or "your noise was giving me a headache" leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior. in expecting an apology. Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you're upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying "I'm useless as a parent" does not commit a person lo any specific improvement. These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies. But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children's expectations can require an apology. A twelve-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent's clothes without permission is not. If a mother adds "but" to an apology, ______. A．she doesn't feel that she should have apologized B．she does not realize that the child has been hurt C．the child may find the apology easier to accept D．the child may feel that he owes her an apology

As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, “Universal human rights begin in small places, close to home.” And Tolerance, org, a Web site from the Southern Poverty Law Center, is helping parents across the country create homes in which tolerance and understanding are guiding themes. “The goal of nurturing open-minded, empathetic children is a challenging one,” says Jennifer Holladay, director of Tolerance; org. “To cultivate tolerance, parents have to instill in children a sense of empathy, respect and responsibility—to oneself and to others—as well as the recognition that every person on earth is a treasure.” Holladay offers several ways parents can promote tolerance: Talk about tolerance. Tolerance education is an ongoing process; it cannot be captured in a single moment. Establish a high comfort level for open dialogue about social issues. Let children know that no subject is taboo. Identify intolerance when children are exposed to it. Point out stereotypes and cultural misinformation depicted in movies, TV shows, computer games and other media. Challenge bias when it comes from friends and family members. Do not let the moment pass. Begin with a qualified statement: “Andrew just called people of XYZ faith ‘lunatics.’ What do you think about that, Zoe？” Let children do most of the talking. Challenge intolerance when it comes from your children. When a child says or does something that reflects biases or embraces stereotypes, confront the child: “What makes that joke funny, Jerome？” Guide the conversation toward internalization of empathy and respect—“Mimi uses a walker, honey. How do you think she would feel about that joke？” or “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last Week？” Support your children when they are the victims of intolerance. Respect children’s troubles by acknowledging when they become targets of bias. Don’t minimize the experience. Provide emotional support and then brainstorm constructive responses. For example, develop a set of comebacks to use when children are the victims of name-calling. Create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them. Look critically at how a child defines “normal.” Expand the definition. Visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present—people of different races, socioeconomic backgrounds, family structures, etc. Encourage a child to spend time with elders—grandparents, for example. Encourage children to call upon community resources. A child who is concerned about world hunger can volunteer at a local soup kitchen or homeless shelter. The earlier children interact with the community, the better. This will help convey the lesson that we are not islands unto ourselves. Model the behavior. you would like to see. As a parent and as your child’s primary role model, be consistent in how you treat others. Remember, you may say, “Do as I say, not as I do,” but actions really do speak louder than words. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Tolerance. org？______ A．It is a Web site from the Southern Poverty Law Center. B．It is helping parents across the country create homes for those orphans. C．The goal is to challenge those intolerant children. D．It helps parents cultivate a sense of empathy and responsibility in their children.

A．in B．at C．for D．on

A．Because the food is not delicious. B．Because they have to be quiet for a long time. C．Because the food is not enough.

A．4. B．5. C．6.

A．Three or five years. B．Three or four years. C．Three to four years.

A．Tour abroad． B．Stay indoors． C．Play on the sands． D．Stay with their nurse．

A．Because spanking brings only fear, which is the origin of violence. B．Because spanking fails to build a mutual understanding between parents and children. C．Because their parents have set them a model of violence being accepted. D．Because children may take it for granted that violence is a way out for problems.

A．They did not get depressed by early failures. B．They have learned how to be critical of other authors' work. C．They find it easy to think of storylines that will sell. D．They have worked hard to become well-known.

A．They might send their mothers some red roses to show their love. B．They might give flowers to their mothers. C．They might give candies to their mothers. D．Those who are far away might call their mothers.

Fairy tales were not always intended for children.We know this because some of these stories have existed for hundreds of years and were passed down from generation to generation through songs and drama.They were considered entertainment for everyone, not only for young people.In these ancient stories, the heroes were extremely clever, fiercely independent, and never gave up.Over the years, some of the heroes’ qualities and story lines have been changed to fit the times. Psychologists think that fairy tales have a positive influence on children because they present the two sides of good and evil very clearly.When children hear the stories, they develop sympathetic feelings for the heroic characters.In each tale, they can see that there are many different kinds of people in the world and that we all have a choice about what kind of person we want to be.We can choose to do good actions, rather that bad ones, in our lives. What kind of values can children learn from fairy tales？ In “The Princess and the Pea,” a poorly dressed girl who insists she is a princess is given a difficult test by the Queen.When she passes the test, we learn that she is rewarded because she stayed true to herself.In “The Little Mermaid,” the mermaid(美人鱼)who lives under the sea longs to be with the humans on land.Through her experiences, we learn about the importance of living with and accepting other cultures.In “Pinocchio,” a wooden puppet(木偶)turns into a boy when he finally learns how to tell the truth. Teaching values is the reason most often given for teaching literature and encouraging reading.These old stories can indeed teach us lessons about human relationships that are universal(普遍的) enough to survive throughout the centuries.This might be the reason why they have been around for so long and are unlikely to disappear any time soon. 1.What do we learn about fairy tales from the passage？ _______ A.They are written solely for children B.They teach universal lessons about human relationships C.They are all passed down through songs and drama D.They are adapted to TV and movies as entertainment 2.Why do fairy tales have a positive influence on children？ A.Good and evil are presented in way they can easily understand B.The characters are all good examples for them to follow C.The heroes go through all kinds of hardships but never give up D.There are many different kinds of characters for them to imitate 3.Some of the heroes’ qualities in fairy tales have been changed over the years ________. A.to reflect the change of values B.to suit the tastes of different people C.to arouse the interest of little children D.to adapt to the change of the times 4.Children who have heard about the story of the little mermaid might ________. A.learn to be better self-disciplined B.be more likely to tell the truth than to tell lies C.learn to stay true to themselves all their lives D.be better able to accept foreign cultures 5.Parents encourage children to read fairy tales so that they ________. A.can entertain themselves without bothering others B.can get to know great literature of the world C.can stay away from violence shown on TV D.can learn how to behave in society